Which statement about predictive project approaches is true?

• A. It requires a flexible scope and evolving requirements
• B. It emphasizes delivering value in short iterations with frequent change
• C. It ignores risk by avoiding upfront planning
• D. It involves a well-defined scope, defined deliverables, and well-defined risk

Answer: (D)

Predictive project approaches emphasize upfront planning and a fixed roadmap. In this way of working, the scope, deliverables, schedule, and risk are defined early and used to guide all project activities. Because the plan is intended to be followed closely, changes are limited and typically go through a formal change-control process. So the statement that a predictive approach involves a well-defined scope, defined deliverables, and well-defined risk is the true description, since these elements are established before execution and shape how the project is carried out.

The other descriptions align with more flexible, adaptive methods: a flexible scope and evolving requirements describe responding to change rather than following a fixed plan; delivering value in short iterations with frequent change is characteristic of agile approaches; and treating risk by avoiding upfront planning contradicts the whole idea of predictive planning, which actually emphasizes identifying and planning for risk from the start.