Which phase involves monitoring and controlling project work and overall project performance?

• A. Planning
• B. Monitoring and Controlling
• C. Executing
• D. Closing

Answer: (B)

Tracking progress and adjusting course is the essence of this phase. It involves continuously monitoring project activities, measuring performance against the baselines for scope, schedule, and cost, and assessing any variances. By collecting and analyzing data, you forecast future performance and decide if corrective or preventive actions are needed, or if changes should be requested through integrated change control. This ongoing oversight keeps the project aligned with its objectives and allows it to adapt as risks and information evolve. While planning establishes the plan and baselines, executing delivers the work, and closing wraps things up, monitoring and controlling is the part that actively observes, measures, and steers the project toward its goals.