What does a predictive approach utilize?

• A. A completely defined scope before the project starts, with changes needing approval by a change control board
• B. Flexible scope with frequent changes
• C. No formal scope definition
• D. Only iterative delivery

Answer: (A)

Predictive approaches are plan-driven and rely on a fully defined scope and a detailed plan laid out before work begins. In this mode, the baseline scope, schedule, and budget are established upfront, and any changes are controlled through a formal change control process, typically overseen by a change control board. This setup provides predictability and stability for execution because the project aims to minimize mid-course changes.

Therefore, describing a completely defined scope before the project starts with changes requiring formal approval fits this model. Options that mention flexible scope, no formal scope, or only iterative delivery align more with adaptive or iterative approaches rather than predictive.