Name and describe two agile/iterative approaches that PMI recognizes within the PMP exam.

• A. Agile approaches (e.g., Scrum, Kanban) and Hybrid (a blend of predictive and agile methods)
• B. Waterfall and Kanban
• C. PRINCE2 and Lean
• D. Six Sigma and Kanban

Answer: (B)

PMI tests knowledge of multiple delivery approaches, not just traditional plans. Two agile/iterative methods you’ll see on the PMP exam are Scrum and Kanban. Scrum organizes work into short iterations called sprints, with defined roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, and the team) and ceremonies that support frequent inspection and adaptation. It emphasizes delivering workable product increments every sprint and re-prioritizing work based on feedback. Kanban, on the other hand, focuses on visualizing the workflow with a Kanban board, setting work-in-progress limits, and pursuing continuous flow and improvement. It emphasizes pulling work through the process and smoothing throughput without fixed sprint cadences.

Waterfall represents a predictive, sequential approach where work moves through phases in a linear fashion, and changes are harder to implement once a phase is completed. So pairing Waterfall with Kanban isn’t showing two agile/iterative approaches. Other options mix different frameworks that aren’t the primary agile methods PMI highlights for the PMP exam in the same way as Scrum and Kanban.